This time, you do not need to hand in the study notes. Use this guide to see what topics you understand, & which ones you need to spend some time reviewing (by completing the bullets, or any way that will help you remember the concepts...)
Circulatory System
Study Notes:
c
Identify and give the function (including where the
vessel is carrying blood from and where it is carrying blood to) of each
of
the following:
·
subclavian arteries and veins
·
jugular veins
·
carotid arteries
·
mesenteric arteries
·
anterior and posterior vena cava
·
pulmonary veins and arteries
·
hepatic vein
·
hepatic portal vein
·
renal arteries and veins
·
iliac arteries and veins
·
coronary arteries and veins
·
aorta
c
Describe and differentiate among the five types of
blood vessels
with
reference to characteristics such as
·
structure and thickness of vessel walls
·
presence of valves
·
direction of blood flow (toward or away from the
heart)
c
The Heart - Identify and give functions (including
where blood is coming from and going to, as applicable) for each of the
following:
·
left and right atria
·
left and right ventricles
·
coronary arteries and veins
·
anterior and posterior vena cava
·
aorta
·
pulmonary arteries and veins
·
pulmonary trunk
·
atrioventricular valves
·
chordae tendineae
·
semi-lunar valves
·
septum
c
recognize heart structures using both internal and
external
diagram views
c
describe the location and functions of the
sinoatrial (SA) node,
atrioventricular (AV) node, and Purkinje fibres
c
differentiate between systolic and diastolic
pressures
c
demonstrate the measurement of blood pressure
c
differentiate between pulmonary and systemic
circulation with
respect to oxygenation or deoxygenation of blood in
the vessels
involved
c
demonstrate a knowledge of the path of a blood cell
from the
aorta through the body and back to the left
ventricle
c
relate blood pressure and blood velocity to the
total cross-
sectional area of the five types of blood vessels
c
identify and describe differences in structure and
circulation
between fetal and adult systems, with reference to
umbilical vein
and arteries, oval opening, venous duct, arterial
duct
c
describe the shape, function, and origin of red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
c
list the major components of plasma
¨
identify and explain the functions of each
of the following:
– kidney
– ureter
– urethra
– urinary bladder
– nephron
¨
identify and explain the functions of the
following components
of the nephron:
– glomerulus
– Bowman’s capsule
– afferent and efferent arterioles
– peritubular capillary network
– proximal and distal convoluted tubules
– collecting duct
– loop of Henle
¨
describe the production of urine with
reference to the following
terms:
– pressure filtration
– selective reabsorption
– reabsorption of water following an
osmotic gradient
– tubular excretion
– metabolic waste (e.g., nitrogenous
waste, urea, ammonia)
¨
describe how the kidneys maintain blood pH
¨
compare urea and glucose content of blood in
the renal artery
with that of the renal vein
¨
identify the source glands for antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) and
aldosterone
REPRODUCTION:
¨
identify
and give functions for each of the following:
–
testes (seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells)
–
scrotum
–
epididymis
–
ductus (vas) deferens
–
prostate gland
–
Cowper’s glands
–
seminal vesicles
–
penis
–
urethra
¨
describe
the path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the
urethral opening
¨
list
the components seminal fluid (as contributed by the
Cowper’s
glands, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles), and
describe
the functions of each component
¨
identify
the tail (flagellum), midpiece, head, and acrosome of a
mature
sperm and state their functions
¨
identify
and give functions for each of the following:
–
ovaries (follicles and corpus luteum)
–
oviducts (fallopian tubes)
–
uterus
–
endometrium
–
cervix
–
vagina
–
clitoris
¨
describe the functions of estrogen
¨
describe
the sequence of events in the ovarian cycle, with
reference
the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase
¨
describe
the sequence of events in the uterine cycle, with
reference
to menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the
secretory
phase
¨
describe
the control of the ovarian and uterine cycles by
hormones
including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
estrogen,
and progesterone
¨
describe
the hormonal changes that occur as a result of
implantation,
including
– production of human chorionic
gonadotropin (HCG) to
maintain the corpus luteum
– increased production of
progesterone by the corpus luteum
¨ describe a positive
feedback mechanism involving oxytocin
